BRAMBLE'S FIVE FREEDOMS
Freedom from disease
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from excessive heat or cold
Freedom of movement
Freedom to act out most natural behaviours

Classically conditioned
A classically conditioned response is about pairing two events together until they become automatic, powerful and entrenched.  I.e. Pavlov’s dogs:
Condition stimuli (CS) – Bell
Unconditional stimuli (UCS) – Food
Conditioned response (CR) – Salivate.

Cognitive content
The sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned.

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
With thoughts stipulated as being the cause of emotions rather than vice-versa, cognitive therapists reverse the causal order more generally used by psychotherapists. The therapy is essentially, therefore, to identify those irrational thoughts that are making one unhappy and what it is about them that is irrational; this is done in an effort to reject the depressing thoughts and replace them with more accurate, but also more cheering thoughts.

Comfort ZONE
Comfort Zone is a place the dog would choose at home to rest/sleep in, not a place the owner gives access to or chooses. So, if for example a dog had access to anywhere in the home – what you need to know is were would she keep going to rest/sleep. This maybe a place you would rather they did not have access to - but some compromise needs to be made here if your dog is to be able to overcome its problems. It maybe on sofa, on your bed, under a table etc. This is her comfort zone and now needs enhancing by feeding in it, making sure water is available at it and spending EXTRA time in it yourself with your dog for at least the next three weeks. The more powerful it becomes the better, then when mild stress is happening your dog can cope with the stretch zone. But at present she is going into what we call “outer space” .    The comfort zone must be able to be accessed at anytime by your dog.

Conditioned responses
Animal has been conditioned to certain response (CR) or conditioned emotional response (CER)

Control Complex AGGRESSION
This describes an abnormal or maladaptive emotional state.   Control complex dogs want to control situations, but do not have the confidence or ability [authority] to do so.  If the dog also has low thresholds for frustration and anger it makes them act aggressively.  These dogs are often labelled as ‘Dominant Aggressive’ which suggests they are extremely confident. These dogs are far from confident, being insecure and overcompensating     

Desensitisation Procedure
A clinical technique used in behaviour therapy designed to produce a decrease in anxiety towards some fear object or situation.  The basic technique consists of exposing the patient to a series of approximations to the anxiety-producing stimulus under relaxed conditions until finally the anxiety reaction is extinguished.

Ethology
The study of animal behaviour in the natural environment.  

FOUR REINFORCERS
1. Positive Reinforcement
Something pleasant is added to the environment to increase the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – A dog learns to give a paw in return for a piece of sausage.

2. Negative Reinforcement
Something unpleasant is taken away from the environment to increase the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – A  trainer pushes the dog into a “sit” position.

3. Positive Punishment
Something unpleasant is added to the environment to decrease the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – Use of an electric shock collar is used to stop a dog chasing.

4. Negative Punishment
Something pleasant is taken away from the environment to decrease the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – Dominance Reduction program is used and the owners ignore the dog when it seeks attention.

FIVE FREEDOMS - BRAMBLE
Freedom from disease
Freedom from hunger and thirst
Freedom from excessive heat or cold
Freedom of movement
Freedom to act out most natural behaviours

Flooding
The presentation of fear evoking stimulus in a situation where the dog cannot escape from the stimulus.

IMHO
In my humble opinion

Learned Helplessness
Failing to deal with or avoid unpleasant situations, which could easily be changed, because of previous experience with other situations.  Learning theorists have recognised that learned helplessness always occurs in conjunction with situations where an animal does not know what you want it to do.

LOL
Laugh out loud

Maladaptive
Maladaptive behaviour must be understood within the context of adaptive behaviour, so we first need to read adaptive behaviour. Patterns of behaviour that is abnormal in context, poor or inadequate adaptive behaviour. There is no universally accepted definition of the term "maladaptive behaviour."

Maladjusted in her actions
A maladaptive reaction to a stressful situation.  The individual fails to adjust properly to new conditions.

Modification programme
As given by a behaviourist to modify a dogs behaviour

NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
Something pleasant is taken away from environment to decrease behaviour (ignore)

Negative reinforcement
Something unpleasant taken away from environment to increase behaviour (nag)     

Operant CONDITIONING
Type of learning

Overshadowing
This is about Saliency, stronger ones “overshadow”.
Example;  Owner calling her dog that wont come.  Her angry body language “overshadows” the verbal command of “come

Physiology
Broadly, the discipline within biology that studies the functions of cells, tissues and organs of living organisms

Positive Behaviourist
A “positive” behaviourist will only use Positive Reinforcement methods (see positive reinforcement).

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
Something unpleasant added to environment to decrease behaviour (hit)

Positive reinforcement
Something pleasant added to environment to increase behaviour (praise)

Rank reduction
Rank means a “position” in an ordered series.  In pack animals that live together it is believed they have a rank in the pack.  In rank reduction there order of rank has been reduced. Rank reduction programmes are designed to put the human in the top position of rank order, but these are very flawed and scientifically do not stack up.

Recall
A term used for teaching an animal to come when called  

REINFORCERS - THE FOUR
Positive Reinforcement
Something pleasant is added to the environment to increase the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – A dog learns to give a paw in return for a piece of sausage.

Negative Reinforcement
Something unpleasant is taken away from the environment to increase the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – A  trainer pushes the dog into a “sit” position.

Positive Punishment
Something unpleasant is added to the environment to decrease the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – Use of an electric shock collar is used to stop a dog chasing.

Negative Punishment
Something pleasant is taken away from the environment to decrease the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
DOGS – Dominance Reduction program is used and the owners ignore the dog when it seeks attention.

Saliency
Worth paying attention to or important to them.  Can be positive or negative.

Socialisation
The process whereby an individual acquires the knowledge, values, language, and social skills that enables him or her to become integrated into and behave adaptively within a society

Superstitious Learning (Classical Conditioning)
Thinking you can affect the outcome.
Example;  1948 Skinner fed Pigeons every 15 seconds, no behaviour was required to get the food, but the Pigeons started to do other behaviours between the 15 seconds because they thought they had to do something.  They accidentally paired a “twirl” behaviour with the 15 seconds as they thought this was the behaviour to get the food.

Systematic desensitisation program
Joseph Wolpe’s term for the form of behaviour therapy described under “Desensitisation Procedure”.

Trainer
A good trainer will have an understanding of canine behaviour as well as training methods.  A Behaviourist specialises in behavioural problems including aggression, destructiveness, toileting problems etc.

Tranced out 
There are two areas in the brain: The Limbic System which is the emotional centre and the Cerebral Cortex which is the cognitive or thinking centre. When one is active the other is inhibited. So if a dog is in a state of high emotional arousal [stress] his thinking centre will shut down. This means he cannot think straight – he will be physically unable to take in any information. This has important implications in dog training and behaviour. It follows that we should manage the environment to keep the dog from becoming sensitised and at the same time focused on a task. This can [in time] teach the dog proper coping strategies for stressful emotional responses. It also explains why it is not a good idea to take a stressed dog to training classes as he will not be able to take anything in.